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From Integration to Elimination: The PLA’s Absorption and Dissolution of the Tibetan Military
China’s dismantling of Tibet’s military marked one of the clearest signs that its promises of autonomy under the 1951 Seventeen-Point Agreement were never intended to be honoured. The Seventeen-Point Agreement publicly framed Tibet’s annexation and integration into the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as a “peaceful” and “mutually beneficial” arrangement. But this narrative was a…
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IMF Bails You Out, China Arms You Up: Pakistan’s Contradictory Economic Reality
By March 2025, Pakistan’s total public debt had reached Rs 76,007 billion — Rs 76 trillion — of which $87.4 billion was external government debt, according to the State Bank of Pakistan and the Economic Survey 2024-25. The country is on its latest IMF programme, in a succession that spans more than two dozen arrangements…
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From Integration to Elimination: How the PLA Dismantled Tibet’s Military Of all the promises China made in the 1951
Seventeen Point Agreement, Point 8 was perhaps the most consequential—and the most candid about Beijing’s actual intentions. It stated that Tibetan troops would be “reorganised step by step” into the People’s Liberation Army and absorbed into China’s national defence forces. Framed as cooperation, it was in practice a timetable for elimination. At the time of…
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Drones Over Neighbourhoods: The Civilian Cost of Pakistan’s Unmanned Warfare Strategy
The drone has transformed modern warfare. Unmanned aerial vehicles offer militaries the ability to strike at distance, gather intelligence, and project power without putting pilots at risk. They have become a fixture of contemporary conflict. Pakistan has invested significantly in drone technology and, during the May 2025 military operations, employed drones on a substantial scale.…
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Operation Sindoor: India’s Strategic Pivot from Restraint to Proactive Deterrence
In the early hours of May 7, 2025, India executed one of its most consequential military operations since the Kargil War. Codenamed Operation Sindoor, the campaign was a tri-service strike against nine terrorist infrastructure sites across Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir (PoJK) and the Pakistani province of Punjab. More than a military action, it announced a…
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EO-3 and the Credibility Deficit: Pakistan’s Space Claims Under OSINT Scrutiny
Pakistan’s launch of EO-3 was presented by official channels as a “major milestone” in national space capability, with the entire government apparatus portraying it as proof of self-reliance, scientific maturity, and technological progress. The satellite was launched from China’s Taiyuan Satellite Launch Centre on 25 April 2026 aboard a Chinese Long March-6 rocket, and official…
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Child Soldier to Double Agent: The Untold Story of Kagusthan Ariaratnam Spy Tiger: The 05 File
In this powerful interview, former child soldier Kagusthan Ariaratnam shares his extraordinary journey from being forcibly recruited into the Tamil Tigers during the Sri Lankan Civil War to becoming an intelligence operative and global peace advocate. Kagusthan’s memoir Spy Tiger: The 05 File reveals the hidden realities of war, espionage, survival, and the psychological toll…
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Strategic Reorientation: The Doctrine of Persistent Ground Raids in the Iranian Theater
The escalation of the 2026 Iranian conflict, codified as Operation Epic Fury, has reached a critical juncture where the limitations of traditional stand-off air power have necessitated a fundamental shift in US military strategy.1 While the initial phase of the campaign, which commenced on February 28, 2026, focused on the large-scale degradation of Iranian air…
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Strategic Equilibrium and Undersea Sovereignty: A Comprehensive Assessment of the Canadian Patrol Submarine Project (2025–2026)
The Canadian Patrol Submarine Project (CPSP) represents a generational pivot in North American defense policy, shifting the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) from a legacy coastal defense posture toward a credible, multi-ocean power projection capability.1 As of March 2026, the procurement process has reached its most critical juncture, with the federal government under Prime Minister Mark…
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Arctic Sovereignty and the New Cold Front: Strategic Modernization and the Sino-Russian Challenge
The geopolitical equilibrium of the High North is undergoing a fundamental and irreversible transformation. For decades, the Arctic was characterized by “Arctic exceptionalism,” a shared understanding among circumpolar nations that the region should remain a zone of low tension and high cooperation, primarily governed through the consensus-based Arctic Council.5 However, the dual pressures of accelerated…