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INS Nirdeshak: Mapping the Depths of India’s Maritime Strategy in the Indo-Pacific
The commissioning of INS Nirdeshak, the second of India’s indigenously built Survey Vessel Large (SVL) ships, on 18 December 2024, is a strategic development that highlights a less-discussed but increasingly critical aspect of naval power: the undersea battlespace.
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The K-4 Missile Test Propels India Towards Nuclear Submarine Self-Reliance
India successfully tested the nuclear-capable K-4 submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) from INS Arighaat, marking a significant leap in its strategic defense capabilities. With a range of 3,500 km, the missile enhances India’s sea-based nuclear deterrence. Coupled with the recent approval of indigenous nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs), this development underscores the nation’s push towards maritime self-reliance…